![]() Within-group signaling functions are also proposed. Here, this hypothesis is extended to include credible signals to predators that they have been detected and would be met with a highly coordinated defensive response, thereby deterring an attack. Hagen and Bryant (Human Nature, 14(1), 21–51, 2003) proposed that synchronized visual and auditory displays credibly signal coalition quality. In some cooperative species, these predator deterrent signals involve highly synchronized visual and auditory displays among group members. A wide variety of species, including carnivores and apes and other primates, have therefore evolved visual and auditory signals that deter predators by credibly signaling detection and/or the ability to effectively defend themselves. It is in the interest of predator and potential prey to avoid encounters that will be costly for both. An effective defense against predators would have required a high degree of cooperation by the smaller and slower hominins. In the Pleistocene, Homo transitioned to a more carnivorous lifestyle that would have further increased predation pressure. ![]() ![]() This article reviews recent literature in anthropology and related disciplines pertaining to the cultural construction of the inscribed body.Īfter they diverged from panins, hominins evolved an increasingly committed terrestrial lifestyle in open habitats that exposed them to increased predation pressure from Africa’s formidable predator guild. The recent focus on the inscribed body responds to postmodern theory, the importance of body art in contemporary Western culture, reflections on the meaning of representations of the exotic, and an interest in the visible surface of the body as the interface between the individual and society. More recently, scholars interested in this subject have looked also at issues of modernity, authenticity, and representation. Anthropologists have generally focused on how the inscribed body serves as a marker of identity in terms of gender, age, and political status. Anthropology's origins as the study of the exotic Other can be seen in the early descriptions of the body art of non-Western peoples. ▪ Abstract Inscriptions on the body, especially tattoo, scarification, and body paint, have been part of ethnographic literature since before the birth of anthropology as a discipline.
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